Some thought on my thesis

In the Chinese class for beginners, I always ask the students to remember one model-sentence "我今天在大学学习中文" based on the sentence structure "who when where do what." And then, one day I realized that these are in fact also the basic elements of human's logic, although according to Mr. Gramley (cf. a lecture in 2009), whether all linguistic groups (here I mean people who speak different languages) have the same logic remains still in debate. I believe these elements cannot be avoided when people think about an event or even how to make a speech, and I also reckon that there must be more than these forming one's thoughts. So in this case, how differently greetings are delivered or responded by native speakers of Chinese and English could also be analyzed along this line. On the one hand, these two groups may have differing logics, therefore they understand a speech distinctively; on the other hand, even though they share the same logic, affected by traditions, histories, ideologies, etc. they still judge, categorize or define these elemental concepts in different ways. Therefore, when I do the experimental part of my thesis, I could follow this line to analyze my data. 

Eggs or chicken, which come first?

In G. Lakoff's "Linguistics and Natural Logic", he tries to illuminate how "grammar is related to logic" with piles of examples. After reading him, I got a question about the relation between the completeness of the grammar of one language and the logic of the people who speak this language. 

Deep in the night, I got myself confused again. We all know that when people talk, especially when people speak a foreign language, it is not rare to find some ungrammatical sentences in their speech, or sometimes much worse, the surface forms are grammatical but they are still misunderstandable. According to Lakoff--"grammar is related to logic"--in this case I couldn't help wondering what leads people to the misunderstandable sentences. Is it the grammar that they are not good at or their thinkings that are illogical? Which comes first? Do people have a grammatical or ungrammatical sentence which expresses their ideas at first or do they have a logic or an logical or illogical inference in the very first seconds of their reaction?

It really sounds pretty weird to me, just like the question of eggs and chicken, which come first? One thing is for sure: they cannot appear at the same time and we have both of them.